资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
非遗点亮“老家河南”******
河南是文化和旅游部非物质文化遗产司确定的“非遗助力乡村振兴”试点省份。今年8月,河南省文化和旅游厅公布鹤壁市、栾川县、宝丰县、长垣市、辉县市、温县、林州市、信阳浉河区8个市(县、区)为河南省首批“非遗助力乡村振兴”试点地区,支持其开展试点工作,试点期限为1年。几个月来,这些试点地区围绕非遗赋能乡村振兴,在“非遗进景区”“非遗进民宿”、非遗研学旅游基地建设、非遗主题旅游线路打造等方面下功夫,探索“非遗+旅游”发展新路径。
河南浚县的“声声不息”泥咕咕创意空间
非遗工坊带动农民就业增收
“栾川豆腐制作技艺”张盘豆腐作坊、“二十四节气”隐心谷民俗园、“传统小木作技艺”鸡冠洞小木作传习所、“豫西民居营造技艺”大王庙及石门土屋、重渡沟民俗一条街、寨沟豆腐宴、“走马灯”非遗研学基地……在河南栾川县,依托非遗项目成立的非遗工坊,带动当地300余户就业,线上线下创造产值2500余万元。
2021年至2022年,栾川县克服疫情影响,在重渡沟景区先后建成“纺织院”“土陶坊”“醋坊”“竹编坊”等富有非遗特色的民宿小院14家,创造产值260余万元,为栾川乡村振兴增添文化元素。
河南省文化和旅游厅非遗处处长于洁介绍,近年来,河南全力推动非遗工坊建设。据统计,河南现有非遗工坊(含非遗扶贫工坊)156个,原国家级贫困县域内非遗工坊97个,44个工坊被纳入巩固脱贫攻坚成果和乡村振兴项目库,非遗工坊直接带动4330余户、1.2万余人脱贫。
除此之外,河南还抓好非遗工坊产品营销推广。面向全省非遗工坊征集工坊产品信息,共有洧川豆腐、莫家酱菜等150余种非遗产品进入河南非遗工坊产品目录库。2022年“文化和自然遗产日”期间,河南以工坊产品为重点,开展丰富多彩的非遗购物节活动,全省600多个非遗商家参与活动,涵盖衣、食、住、行多个方面,共同推介河南非遗好物。其中,非遗工坊和老字号213个,占比36%;上线项目总数387个,占比65%;线上销售768万元,线下销售2072万元,总计2791万元。
“非遗点亮计划”推动在地文化融入
河南是非遗资源大省,截至目前,河南省拥有人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录项目4个,国家级非遗代表性项目125个、省级非遗代表性项目1030个。
自2021年起,河南省文化和旅游厅与全国大学生乡村振兴创意大赛合作,实施黄河非遗点亮“老家河南”计划,先后开展了首届全国大学生乡村振兴创意大赛、青年乡村营造行动。借助优质团队和创意导师力量,挖掘非遗故事、建设非遗空间、打造非遗文创,探索出一条“政府搭台、高校赋能、企业助力、乡村重塑、传承人参与”的非遗振兴乡村新路径。
从2022年2月起,河南继续深化实践,变“赛”为“营”,创新开展黄河非遗点亮“老家河南”青年乡村营造行动。在全省遴选出栾川县重渡沟景区、辉县市郭亮村、浚县古城等9个营地,汇聚高校专家、青年设计师、业界人士与大学生等多方智力,全方位激活乡村文化动能。7月,河南相继举办了出征仪式、开营仪式和营长沙龙,共邀约国内外40个优质团队,通过陪伴式在地乡建、非遗乡创等路径,将黄河非遗元素植入空间打造和文创设计中。
以国家级非遗项目浚县泥咕咕为例,河南师范大学“古鸠泥作”项目成员们受泥咕咕的启发,设计出“泥小妮”IP形象。“泥小妮”是个泥塑的小姑娘,她头戴小鸟泥咕咕造型帽子,怀抱小鸟泥咕咕,萌态十足。后来还衍生出航天员、花木兰形象的“泥小妮”,很受公众欢迎。
“目前50个空间项目、40个文创项目牵手各地特色非遗,预计2023年1月可以收获成果。”全国大学生乡村振兴创意大赛秘书处副秘书长、浙江财经大学中国乡村振兴研究院副院长刘亚辉说。
“非遗+X”促进文旅深度融合
在红旗渠精神的发祥地林州市,乘着全域旅游的东风,各镇各村积极利用非遗资源,以文塑旅,以旅彰文,形成了一批乡村非遗旅游新模式。石板岩高家台村积极打造集休闲、游览、体验、购物为一体的乡土民情旅游目的地,吸引了全国各地游客和美院师生游览、写生,年接待游客超过20万人次。东姚镇每年春节举办社火表演活动,吸引周边群众前去观看,促进了节日经济发展。横水镇马店灯会每年春节期间举办,是集赏灯、转灯、庙会、文艺汇演等为一体的民间活动。
在信阳市浉河区,当地将董家河汪家拳传习所、董家河民歌基地、浉河港文新茶村、土门周肖同茗等非遗基地串珠连线,在旅游中布局连线非遗场馆,打造精品非遗旅游线路;在鸡公山、南湾湖、五曲峡、文新茶村、何家寨、郝家冲等景区,植入信阳民歌、茶艺、太极拳等10余项非遗,探索沉浸式非遗演艺。
据介绍,下一步,河南将继续深度整合自然资源和人文资源优势,在加强非遗保护的基础上,推动非遗工坊、“非遗进民宿”“非遗进景区”“非遗进购物店”建设,同时与传统村落、传统街区保护相结合,打造“非遗小镇”“非遗街区”“乡村康养旅游示范村”等具有明显非遗IP属性的消费集聚区和特色村镇,依托非遗场馆和非遗项目探索开展研学旅游,打造“望得见山、看得见水、记得住乡愁”的文化旅游目的地和文化旅游产品,推动非遗助力乡村振兴工作再上新台阶。(本报驻河南记者 张莹莹 文/图)
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)