资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
改善优质房企资产负债表 房地产风险化解再提速****** 事关房地产融资、结构性货币政策工具、重点领域金融服务等,再迎监管进一步发声。1月10日,人民银行、银保监会联合召开主要银行信贷工作座谈会,研究部署落实金融支持稳增长有关工作。其中,包括政策性和开发性银行、各国有商业银行、部分股份制商业银行主要负责人均参加了会议。 保持房地产融资平稳有序 会议要求,人民银行、银保监会、各主要银行要全面贯彻落实党的二十大和中央经济工作会议精神,保持对实体经济的信贷支持力度,加大金融对国内需求和供给体系的支持,做好对基建投资、小微企业、科技创新、制造业、绿色发展等重点领域的金融服务,保持房地产融资平稳有序,推动经济运行整体好转,为全面建设社会主义现代化国家开好局、起好步,提供有力的金融支持。 针对重点领域金融支持,会议指出,各主要银行要合理把握信贷投放节奏,适度靠前发力,进一步优化信贷结构,精准有力支持国民经济和社会发展重点领域、薄弱环节。 其中包括,要加强跟踪监测,及时跟进政策性开发性金融工具配套融资,延续发挥好设备更新改造专项再贷款和财政贴息政策合力,力争形成更多实物工作量;要继续用好碳减排支持工具、支持煤炭清洁高效利用专项再贷款、科技创新再贷款、交通物流专项再贷款等结构性货币政策工具,不断完善对重点领域和薄弱环节的常态化支持机制;用好普惠小微贷款支持工具等优惠政策,加力支持小微市场主体恢复发展;此外,当前还要全力支持重点医疗物资生产保供企业的合理资金需求。 资产负债表回归安全区间 值得一提的是,会议再次提及房地产问题时,基调仍与此前一致,要全面贯彻落实中央经济工作会议精神,坚持房子是用来住的、不是用来炒的定位,推动房地产业向新发展模式平稳过渡。 同时,要有效防范化解优质头部房企风险,实施改善优质房企资产负债表计划,聚焦专注主业、合规经营、资质良好、具有一定系统重要性的优质房企,开展“资产激活”“负债接续”“权益补充”“预期提升”四项行动,综合施策改善优质房企经营性和融资性现金流,引导优质房企资产负债表回归安全区间。 “此次会议最大的亮点在于,提出了资产负债表优化的四项行动,这也说明,资产负债表优化的工作正进入实质操作阶段。”上海易居房地产研究院研究总监严跃进说道,资产激活意味着要把房地产企业的各类资产进行盘活,包括待开发的土地和待出售的房产、预售资金的加快回笼、资产证券化的加快推进、REITs产品等模式的加快介入、现金流的持续改善等内容。 负债接续则意味着后续对于负债的工作要加快清理,包括负债的展期、债转股、资产出售以清偿债务等工作;权益补充意味着后续要鼓励各类优质企业积极做战略投资者,包括央国企、保险公司等企业,同时会强调对于企业资本金的注入和确保资金状况的稳健;预期提升意味着要不断修复投资者对于中国房企的看法,尤其是各类金融机构企业。严跃进认为,要不断减少企业违约的风险,同时强化今年房企销售的目标值,进而促进“金融-房企-销售市场”等渠道的顺畅。 加大住房租赁金融支持 会议还强调,要配合有关部门和地方政府扎实做好保交楼、保民生、保稳定各项工作,运用好保交楼专项借款、保交楼贷款支持计划等政策工具,积极提供配套融资支持,维护住房消费者合法权益。要落实好16条金融支持房地产市场平稳健康发展的政策措施,用好民营企业债券融资支持工具(“第二支箭”),保持房企信贷、债券等融资渠道稳定,满足行业合理融资需求。 要因城施策实施好差别化住房信贷政策,更好支持刚性和改善性住房需求,加大住房租赁金融支持,做好新市民、青年人等住房金融服务,推动加快建立“租购并举”住房制度。 “会议释放继续落实好稳楼市一揽子政策措施,促进房地产平稳健康发展,有助于提振房地产信心。”光大银行金融市场部宏观研究员周茂华告诉北京商报记者,随着国内经济稳步复苏,就业和收入改善,稳楼市政策落地见效,市场信心回暖,楼市需求复苏向供给端传导,后续楼市需求有望加快恢复。 另外,业内也认为,满足合理的改善性需求,是下一步稳定房地产市场、扩大内需的重要方面。正如中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院高级研究员、城市更新研究中心主任秦虹指出,2022年,影响房地产需求的三大因素,主要是正常市场总量下台阶、三年疫情影响导致老百姓失业和减薪,对收入预期的不稳定以及供给端风险不断爆雷。 在秦虹看来,随着近期密集出台的一系列关于房地产的融资支持性政策,2023年房地产企业有望回归常态。总体而言,房地产调控要做好保障性住房的建设,完善房地产市场的基础性制度;同时尽可能尊重市场,此外,也要支持新发展阶段房地产企业新模式形成,改变过去高负债、高杠杆、高周转的传统模式。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |